Understanding Degenerative Myelopathy in dogs: why a genetic test matters

As pet owners and breeders, we're always looking for ways to ensure our animals lead happy and healthy lives. One condition that can significantly impact our dogs' quality of life is Degenerative Myelopathy (DM). This progressive and debilitating disease affects the spinal cord and can lead to a gradual loss of mobility. Fortunately, advances in veterinary medicin, particularly in genetics, are making it easier to detect.

What is Degenerative Myelopathy?

Degenerative Myelopthy (DM) is a progressive neurological disorder that affects the spinal cord in dogs. It's somewhat similar to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) in humans. The condition typically starts with a loss of coordination in the hind legs, leading to difficultly walking and, eventually, paralysis. The progression of DM can vary, but it generally leads to a decrease in mobility and quality of life over time. 

The genetic link to Degenerative Myelopathy

DM is commonly found in certain breeds, with German Shepherds, Boxers, and Pembrok Welsh corgis being among the most affected. The disease is caused by a single letter change (mutation) in the SOD1 gene, which is responsible for producing a protein that helps protect nerve cells. When this gene is mutated, it impairs the protein's function, leading to the degeneration of nerve cells in the spinal cord. 

Why genetic testing for DM is crucial

1. Early detection and planning: Early detection through genetic testing allows for proactive management. By identifying dogs that are at risk, pet owners and veterinary surgeons can develop a plan to monitor the dog's health and implement strategies to maintain mobility and comfort. 

2. Informed breeding decisions: For breeders, genetic testing is invaluable. By testing breeding dogs, breeders can make informed decisions to avoid passing the DM mutation to offspring, thereby helping to reduce the prevalence of the disease in future generations.

3. Peace of mind: Knowing whether your dog carries the DM mutation or not can provide peace of mind. For pet owners who are aware of their dog's genetic status, they can better prepare for potential health issues and focus on providing the best care possible. 

How does our DM test work?

Our DM test is a simple and non-invasive process that involves a cheek swab or a small blood sample from your dog. Here's how it works:

1. Sample collection: You collect a sample using our swabbing kit, which can be done easily and quickly at home. 
2. Analysis: We isolate the DNA from your swab in our state-of-the-art laboratory. Once we have isolated the DNA we run a number of quality control checks to make sure the sample you sent is good enough for testing (don't worry, we'll tell you early on if there isn't enough DNA). Once the sample has passed Quality Control we begin the testing, which is done by a method called "genotyping by sequencing". This allows us to see all the DNA around the mutation area, as well as the mutation itself. 
3. Results: Once we have entered the result into our Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) we carry out some double checking of the data entry (we call this "Data Review") and once this process is complete we release the results to you. You get an email immediately to say that your results are ready.

What should you do with the results?

If your dog tests "at risk" for the DM mutation, it's essential to work closely with your vet to develop a management plan. This may include regular monitoring, physical therapy, and supportive care to maintain your dog's mobility and comfort. 

If your dog tests as a carrier is or is clear, you'll have the reassurance that you have taken proactive steps to ensure their health and well-being. 

In conclusion

Degenerative Myelopathy is a challenging condition, but with the power of genetic testing, we can make strides in managing its impact. Early detection, informed breeding decisions, and a better understanding of your dog's genetic health are all possible through DNA testing.